Line follower robot using Atmega8

In this post, we are going to make a line follower robot using atmega8. Line follower robot is based on tracking a line of particular colour. This is done by infrared (IR) sensor. IR sensor gives us a digital output.

Things required:

1. Atmega8a 
2. L293d (H-bridge ic)
3. DC geared motor
4. chasis
5. 2 Ir sensor
6. Power supply (9 volt battery)

The output of ir sensor is fed to input of atmega8, in accordance with the output of ir sensor it manipulates PortD. The output of PortD is connected to L293D, since the current requirement of motor can't be fulfilled by microcontroller. L293D can provide a maximum of 1.2A current and 600mA current per channel. It can operate two motors simultaneously, It can operate motor having voltage rating upto 36 volts.

Circuit Diagram

Basics of robotics:

Why do we need a torque in robotics??

There is relation between torque and rpm. RPM(revolutions per minute) and toqrue is inversely proportional to each other. Higher is the rpm lower is the torque. Torque relates to power. It's quite a common observation that we prefer first gear while driving vehicle on uphill.

That is the reason we are using a motor having high torque.

Atmega8 is a 28-pin IC. It has three ports viz, B, C and D. It has six analog channels having 10-bit adc. There is provision of  using internal RC oscillator from 1, 2,4 or 8 MHz. We are operating it a frequency of 8 MHz.

Download the code and proteus simulation file from below link:

Download

Check out the video:

Future Applications:

We can make obstacle avoiding robot. light follower robot or even smartphone controlled robot by making manipulation in both hardware and software.

Happy Making.

Stay tuned for more updates.